Kufanana nenyika zhinji dzakabudirira nhasi, China yakatarisana nekushomeka kwevashandi vane hunyanzvi. Iko kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kudzikisa vashandi uye kuwedzera kubereka kwaita kuti Beijing iuye nemhinduro: kuisa mamwe marobhoti eindasitiri mumafekitori. Zvisinei, izvi hazvibatsiri.
Kuti uvandudze mitsara yekugadzira iyo inogona kuburitsa zvakakosha zvigadzirwa, Bazi reChina reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji rakaburitsa Robot Plus Chikumbiro Chirongwa mwedzi wapfuura. Iine chinangwa chakajeka: kupeta kaviri kuwanda kwemarobhoti munharaunda yeindasitiri ne2025 kubva ku246 pavashandi ve10,000 muna 2020. Urongwa uhwu hunoronga kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemichina kusanganisira hydroelectric, mapurazi emhepo uye akakosha masisitimu emagetsi.
Rudzi urwu rwe tekinoroji yakanangana nemaitiro eBeijing inzira yekuita zvinhu (funga "Yakagadzirwa muChina 2025 ″). Sekureva kweDaiwa Capital Markets Hong Kong Ltd., huwandu hwemarobhoti hunongoda kuwedzera ne13% pagore (1) kuti husvike pachinangwa chekupedzisira. Zvichakadaro, vashandi vekugadzira munyika vangangodzikira mumakore matatu anotevera, kukura kwechigadzirwa kwakaramba kuchiwedzera. Pakazere, maitiro anonongedzera kune yakaringana chiyero chekugovera uye kudiwa kweautomation.
Makambani ekumusha seEstun Automation uye Shenzhen Inovance Technology ari kuvaka nekukurumidza, chaiwo michina inogona kuunganidza mota, kufamba mu3D, uye kukotama nenzira dzakaoma - senge ruoko rwemunhu. Vamwe vanogona weld, kushandura screws, uye kugadzira laser mamaki. Makambani eMetalworking uye zvikamu zvemotokari ari kubata, nekutengesa kusvika 72% muchikamu chekupedzisira che2022. Makambani eJapan Fanuc Corp. uye Yaskawa Electric Corp. akatora nzvimbo inotungamira mumusika uye akagutsa zvizhinji zvekudiwa.
Zvichakadaro, danho rehurumende rekutanga rekugadzira mafekitori rakaita kuti China ive nevashandi vepasi rese remarobhoti uye nepamusoro-soro kuisirwa kwepagore. Izvi zvinobatsira kukurumidzira maitiro ekugadzira uye kuvandudza kurongeka kwekugadzira.
Nekudaro, kuisa mamwe marobhoti pakugadzira pasi hazvireve kuti China ichawana nekukurumidza kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kusvetuka mukubudirira. Nepo michina iyi yakagadzirirwa kuzadza mapeji muvashandi, inodawo vanhu vane hunyanzvi kuti vakohwe mabhenefiti ekugadzira zvine hungwaru. Pasina hunhu hwakakodzera, vashandi havagone kuronga uye kushandisa otomatiki michina.
Tichifunga nezvekukurumidza kuri kuita China tekinoroji iyi, vashandi vemunyika vanosvika miriyoni mazana matatu havakwanise kuita mupiro wakakura kune chigadzirwa chemukati chekugadzira. Kubva muna 2021, 12.6% chete ndivo vane dhigirii rekoreji kana kupfuura.
Izvi zvinonetsa vashandi vakawanda pasi rose. Panozopera makore gumi aya, maoparesheni anosvika 40 muzana anoitwa nemazana emamiriyoni evashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika achave otomatiki. Nevanopfuura hafu yavo vane makore 41 zvichikwira, kurovedzazve kunonetsa. Zvichakadaro, kukwezva vadiki, vane hunyanzvi uye vakadzidza veChinese zvinotora nguva - uye hazvizoitike nekumhanya kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemarobhoti kana mukati menguva yakatarwa nehushumiri. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vashoma uye vashoma vanosarudza kuita basa rekugadzira, vachisarudza masevhisi. Vagari ava havachanyanyi kufamba, vachitsvaga basa padyo nekumba.
Kuti vamisezve kudonha, varongi vehurumende vaita nhanho huru kukurudzira vashandi kuti vadzokere kumabasa avo mushure mekupora zero kubva kuCovid. Rubatsiro rwakati wandei rwakaziviswa. Mushure meGore Idzva reLunar, zviuru zvemabhazi, ndege uye zvitima zvakaunganidzwa kuendesa vanhu kunzvimbo dzekugadzira uye nzvimbo dzekuvaka. Muguta rekumaodzanyemba reDongguan, vakuru vakuru vakashandisa mari inosvika mamiriyoni matatu emadhora pakutsvaga vanhu. Kunyangwe izvi zvichigona kubatsira zvivakwa nemasevhisi, kuedza uku kunogona kudzikiswa kana vanhu vashoma vakakwanisa kushandisa marobhoti akaomarara mumafekitori eChina.
Vezvematongerwo enyika vari kuisa pfungwa dzavo pakudzidzisa nekusimudzira vashandi. Vanokurudzirawo vemabhizimisi kuti vaise mari muzvidzidzo zvemabasa emawoko. Zvinogona kubatsira, asi Beijing inoda kuita zvakawanda kuti vashandi vabatane nemarobhoti. Chinhu chekupedzisira chaanoda iboka remichina isina basa.
Iyi koramu haingoratidzi maonero evapepeti kana Bloomberg LP nevaridzi vayo.
Anjani Trivedi mutori wenhau weBloomberg Opinion. Inobata zvikamu zvakaita sezvematongerwo enyika nemakambani muinjiniya, mota, mota dzemagetsi uye maindasitiri emabhatiri mudunhu reAsia-Pacific. Pakutanga, aive munyori wezvemari uye wemisika uye mutori wenhau weThe Wall Street Journal. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, aive bhanga rekudyara muNew York neLondon.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-23-2023
